Vortex dynamics and second magnetization peak in PrFeAsO0.60_{0.60}F0.12_{0.12} superconductor

We have studied the vortex dynamics in the PrFeAsO$_{0.60}$F$_{0.12}$ superconducting sample by dc magnetization and dynamic magnetization-relaxation rate $(Q)$ measurements. The field dependence of the superconducting irreversible magnetization $M_s$ reveals a second magnetization peak or fishtail effect. The large value of $Q$ is an indication of moderate vortex motion and relatively weak pinning energy. Data analysis based on the generalized inversion scheme suggests that the vortex dynamics can be described by the collective pinning model. The temperature dependence of the critical current is consistent with the pinning due to the spatial variation in the mean free path near a lattice defect ($\delta l$ pinning). The temperature and field dependence of $Q$ indicates a crossover from elastic to plastic vortex creep with increasing temperature and magnetic field. Finally, we have constructed the vortex phase diagram based on the present data.Comment: 11 pages, 8 Figures, Accepted for publication in Journal of Applied Physic

The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income: Recent Evidence and Implications for the Social Security Retirement Age

[Excerpt] This report provides a brief overview of the concept of life expectancy, how it is measured, and how it has changed over time in the United States. While life expectancy may be studied in a variety of contexts, this report focuses on the link between life expectancy and SES, as measured by lifetime income. In particular, this report synthesizes recent research on (1) the life expectancy gap by income and (2) the relationship between this gap and Social Security benefits. Finally, this report discusses the implications of this research for one type of Social Security reform proposal: increasing the Social Security retirement age

Signatures of an invisibly decaying Higgs particles at LHC

The Higgs particle can decay dominantly into an invisible channel in the Majoron models. We have explored the prospect of detecting such a Higgs particle at LHC via its associated production with a gluon, Z or W boson. While the signal/background ratio is too small for the first process, the latter two provide viable signatures for detecting such a Higgs particle.Comment: (e-mail: [email protected]) LaTex; No. of pages 12, no. of figures 3 (available on request

Regular and Singular Pulse and Front Solutions and Possible Isochronous Behavior in the Short-Pulse Equation: Phase-Plane, Multi-Infinite Series and Variational Approaches

In this paper we employ three recent analytical approaches to investigate the possible classes of traveling wave solutions of some members of a family of so-called short-pulse equations (SPE). A recent, novel application of phase-plane analysis is first employed to show the existence of breaking kink wave solutions in certain parameter regimes. Secondly, smooth traveling waves are derived using a recent technique to derive convergent multi-infinite series solutions for the homoclinic (heteroclinic) orbits of the traveling-wave equations for the SPE equation, as well as for its generalized version with arbitrary coefficients. These correspond to pulse (kink or shock) solutions respectively of the original PDEs. Unlike the majority of unaccelerated convergent series, high accuracy is attained with relatively few terms. And finally, variational methods are employed to generate families of both regular and embedded solitary wave solutions for the SPE PDE. The technique for obtaining the embedded solitons incorporates several recent generalizations of the usual variational technique and it is thus topical in itself. One unusual feature of the solitary waves derived here is that we are able to obtain them in analytical form (within the assumed ansatz for the trial functions). Thus, a direct error analysis is performed, showing the accuracy of the resulting solitary waves. Given the importance of solitary wave solutions in wave dynamics and information propagation in nonlinear PDEs, as well as the fact that not much is known about solutions of the family of generalized SPE equations considered here, the results obtained are both new and timely.Comment: accepted for publication in Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulatio

Proteomics in the Light of Integral Value Transformations

In this paper, Proteomics have been studied in the light of Integral Value Transformations (IVTs) which was introduced by Sk. S. Hassan et al in 2010. For case study, a Human olfactory receptor OR1D2 protein sequence has been taken and then different IVTs have been used to evolve OR1D2 into some other proteomic like sequences. It has been observed that some of the generated sequences have been mapped to another olfactory receptor in Human or in some other species. Also it has been corroborated through fractal dimension that some of the fundamental protein properties have been nearly intact, even after the mapping. This study will help to comprehend the proteomic evolutionary network with the help of IVTs

Process and design considerations for high-efficiency solar cells

This paper shows that oxide surface passivation coupled with optimum multilayer anti-reflective coating can provide approx. 3% (absolute) improvement in solar cell efficiency. Use of single-layer AR coating, without passivation, gives cell efficiencies in the range of 15 to 15.5% on high-quality, 4 ohm-cm as well as 0.1 to 0.2 ohm-cm float-zone silicon. Oxide surface passivation alone raises the cell efficiency to or = 17%. An optimum double-layer AR coating on oxide-passivated cells provides an additional approx. 5 to 10% improvement over a single-layer AR-coated cell, resulting in cell efficiencies in excess of 18%. Experimentally observed improvements are supported by model calculations and an approach to or = 20% efficient cells is discussed